Building on “dual process theory” (Thaler & Sunstein) Non - transparent Transparent Reflective thinking (e.g. choices) Automatic thinking (e.g. unconscious) Adapted from Hansen & Jespersen, 2013, “Nudge and the Manipulation of Choice” e.g. “true, good point” triggers e.g. “I feel something should be considered” triggers e.g. “Shifted default” triggers e.g. “that looks right” triggers • Uncontrolled • Effortless • Associative Fast • Unconscious • Skilled • Reflective thinking • Controlled • Effortful • Deductive • Slow • Self - aware • Rule following Confidential